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The Electronika BK was a series of 16-bit PDP-11-compatible Soviet home computers developed by NPO Scientific Center, the leading Soviet microcomputer design team at the time. It was also responsible for the more powerful UKNC and DVK micros. First released in 1984 (developed in 1983), they were based on the К1801ВМ1 (Soviet LSI-11-compatible CPU) and were the only "official"〔Government approved and accounted for in economic planning〕 Soviet home computer design in mass production. They sold for about 600-650 rubles. This was expensive,〔The average Soviet wage was about 150 rubles per month at the time.〕 but marginally affordable, so they became one of the most popular home computer models in the Soviet Union despite numerous problems. Later, in 90s, their powerful CPU and straightforward, easy to program design made them popular as demo machines. ''BK'' (''БК'') is a Russian abbreviation which stands for -- domestic (or home) computer. It was also for a short time used as cash register, for example, in the State Universal Store. Although BK-0010 was one of the cheapest Soviet PC and in speed (as well as memory, graphics, and so on) differed little from the simple 8-bit models, this PC was formally the first or one of the first fully 16-bit home computers in the world (in contrast to the TI-99/4A, BK had not only a 16-bit processor, but also the ROM, RAM and controllers with the same width). ==Software== Although the BK series was included in a governmental economic plan, customer support apparently was not, as it was essentially a barebones machine, without any peripherals or development tools. The only software available at the launch (except ROM firmware) was an included magnetic tape with several programming examples (both for BASIC and FOCAL), and several tests. The ROM firmware included a simple program to enter machine codes, BASIC and FOCAL interpreters. While the BK was somewhat compatible with larger and more expensive DVK professional model microcomputers and industrial minicomputers like the SM EVM series, its meager 32 KB memory of which only 16 KB was generally available to programmers (an extended memory mode supported 28 KB but limited video output to a quarter of the screen) generally precluded direct use of software for the more powerful machines. Nevertheless, the DVK became a popular development platform for BK software, and when the BK memory was later extended to 128 KB, most DVK software could be used directly with minimal changes. Homebrew developers quickly filled this niche, porting several development tools from DVK and UKNC. This led to an explosion of homebrew software, from Text editors and databases to operating systems and games. Most BK owners expanded the built-in RAM to at least 64 KB, which not only allowed easier software porting from more "grownup" systems, but as these upgrades often included floppy drive controllers, creating a one's own disk operating system became something of a competitive sport in the BK scene. Games and demo communities also flourished, as its anemic graphics were offset by a powerful CPU. One of the operating systems was ANDOS, although officially the computer was shipped with OS BK-11, a modification of RT-11. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Electronika BK」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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